New criminal laws, decolonisation and everyday legality in India

On July 1, 2024, India implemented three new criminal laws—the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS), Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS), and Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam (BSA)—replacing the IPC 1860, CrPC 1973, and Indian Evidence Act 1872. This overhaul, intended to reflect a decolonized legal system focused on justice rather than punishment, has received mixed reactions. While some praise the modernized approach and gender parity considerations, others express concerns over the potential for increased state power, procedural complications, and the loss of established legal language and jurisprudence. The transition from old to new laws may further complicate legal proceedings and exacerbate delays.

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